Bone disorders such as osteoporosis and osteopenia  are common conditions among women during perimenopause and, especially, after menopause. This occurs because the decline in estrogen levels—a hormone essential for maintaining bone tissue—leads to an imbalance between bone formation and bone resorption processes. As a result, bone mineral density decreases, significantly increasing the risk of osteoporosis-related fractures. Non-pharmacological strategies have been increasin

Recent scientific evidence shows that trunk flexion exercises such as the curl-up  improve abdominal muscle strength without worsening abdominal diastasis  (the distance between the rectus abdominis muscles) in postpartum women, regardless of the mode of delivery. For a long time, traditional abdominal exercises were discouraged due to the belief that they could worsen rectus abdominis diastasis. However, several short-term experimental studies have demonstrated that traditio

Aging is a natural physiological process characterized by the progressive decline of functional and cognitive abilities. Studies indicate that factors such as decreased muscle strength, balance, and mobility significantly increase the risk of falls and fractures in the elderly population. Furthermore, lack of physical activity directly impacts the ability to perform activities of daily living, compromising the autonomy and independence of the elderly. Currently, it is proven